Montgolfiere was the name that Joseph and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier gave to the type of balloon that they created and flew in France beginning in 1783. It was filled with air that was heated to produce buoyancy and was usually made with a silk and paper fabric. The ability of the Montgolfière to stay aloft depended greatly on the temperature of the air within the balloon, which reduced its usefulness for other than recreational purposes.

The balloon consisted of painted fabric with paper decorations glued to it, a fabric-covered gallery of wickerwork and a fire grate in the interior which could be fired from the gallery.

On November 21, 1783, the hot-air balloon named Montgolfiere made its first ascent with the world's first two aeronauts, Pilatre de Rozier and Arlandes' Marquis. It started from the garden of the La Muette castle near Paris (France) and landed about 10 km (a little over 6 miles) away after a flight of 25 minutes.